Cardinals Created by Benedict XVI (2010)

Pro-Rector of Salesian Pontifical University (1991.10.01 – 1991.12.02)

Prelate Secretary of Pontifical Academy of Theology (1999 – 2002.12.19)

Secretary of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (2002.12.19 – 2008.07.09)

Titular Archbishop of Sila (2002.12.19 – 2010.11.20)

Prefect of Congregation for the Causes of Saints (2008.07.09 – 2018.08.31)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro (2010.11.20 [2011.02.11] – 2021.05.03)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Aquiro pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Minya of the Copts (Egypt) (1960.10.30 – 1977.07.26)

Bishop of Minya of the Copts (Egypt) (1977.07.26 – 2002.09.29)

Patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts (Egypt) ([2006.03.30] 2006.04.07 – 2013.01.15)

President of Synod of the Catholic Coptic Church (2006.04.07 – 2013.01.15)

President of Assembly of the Catholic Hierarchy of Egypt (2006.04.07 – 2013.01.15)

Cardinal-Patriarch (2010.11.20 – 2022.03.28)

Priest of Conakry (Guinea) (1969.07.20 – 1979.08.13)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Conakry (Guinea) (1979.08.13 – 2001.10.01)

Apostolic Administrator of Kankan (Guinea) (1979.08.23 – 1993.11.17)

President of Episcopal Conference of the Guinea (1985 – 2001)

Secretary of Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples (2001.10.01 – 2010.10.07)

Vice-Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Urbaniana University (2001.10.01 – 2010.10.07)

President of Pontifical Council “Cor unum” (2010.10.07 – 2014.11.24)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana (2010.11.20 [2011.01.30] – 2021.05.03)

Prefect of Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (2014.11.24 – 2021.02.20)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Barletta (Italy) (1957.03.16 – 1982.12.24)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1965.06.26 – 1979.06.22)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1979.06.22 – 1982.12.24)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Korea (1982.12.24 – 1987.06.20)

Titular Archbishop of Alba marittima (1982.12.24 – 2010.11.20)

Delegate for Pontifical Representations of Secretariat of State (1990.08.28 – 1998.03.07)

Apostolic Nuncio to Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993.06.11 – 1998.03.07)

Secretary of Congregation for Bishops (1998.03.07 – 2009.07.03)

Secretary of College of Cardinals (1998.03.07 – 2009.10.21)

Archpriest of Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside-the-Walls (2009.07.03 – 2012.11.23)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Paolo alla Regola (2010.11.20 [2011.02.12] – 2021.05.03)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Paolo alla Regola pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Assisi (Italy) (1961.03.18 – 1983.02.12)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1967.06.11 – 1980.02.07)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1980.02.07 – 1983.02.12)

Apostolic Delegate to Angola (1983.02.12 – 1991.04.20)

Titular Archbishop of Bevagna (1983.02.12 – 2010.11.20)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to São Tomé and Príncipe (1985.05.04 – 1991.04.20)

Apostolic Nuncio to Dominican Republic (1991.04.20 – 1994.04.23)

Apostolic Delegate to Puerto Rico (1991.04.20 – 1994.04.23)

Apostolic Nuncio to Peru (1994.04.23 – 1999.06.19)

Apostolic Nuncio to France (1999.06.19 – 2009.06.02)

Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary (2009.06.02 – 2012.01.05)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Anselmo all’Aventino (2010.11.20 [2011.02.27] – 2012.09.20)

Priest of La Crosse (USA) (1975.06.29 – 1994.12.10)

Defender of the Bond of Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (1989 – 1994.12.10)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1993.08.12 – 1994.12.10)

Bishop of La Crosse (USA) (1994.12.10 – 2003.12.02)

Founder of Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem (2002)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Saint Louis (USA) (2003.12.02 – 2008.06.27)

Prefect of Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (2008.06.27 – 2014.11.08)

President of Supreme Court of Vatican City State (2008.06.27 – 2014.11.08)

President of Commission for Advocates (2008.10.07 – 2014.11.08)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Agata de’ Goti (2010.11.20 [2011.02.05] – 2021.05.03)

Patron of Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (Knights of Malta) (2014.11.08 – 2023.06.19)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Agata de’ Goti pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Basel (Switzerland) (1982.06.20 – 1995.12.06)

Bishop of Basel (Switzerland) ([1995.08.21] 1995.12.06 – 2010.07.01)

President of Conference of Bishops of Switzerland (2006 – 2009)

Archbishop ad personam (2010.07.01 – 2010.11.20)

Apostolic Administrator of Basel (Switzerland) (2010.07.01 – 2010.11.23)

Prefect of Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity (2010.07.01 – ...)

President of Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews (2010.07.01 – ...)

Cardinal-Deacon of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore (2010.11.20 [2011.01.01] – 2021.05.03)

Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Acqui (Italy) (1958.06.29 – 1996.12.10)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1978.07.30 – 1987.12.24)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1987.12.24 – 1996.12.10)

Vice-Assessor for General Affairs of Secretariat of State (1992 – 1996.12.10)

Titular Archbishop of Sutri (1996.12.10 – 2010.11.20)

Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church of Apostolic Camera (2004.10.23 – 2011.01.22)

Pro-Patron of Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (Knights of Malta) (2009.06.06 – 2010.11.30)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana (2010.11.20 [2011.05.24] – 2019.07.13)

Patron of Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (Knights of Malta) (2010.11.30 – 2014.11.08)

Priest of Genova (Italy) (1969.12.21 – 2003.10.13)

Undersecretary of Congregation for Clergy (2000.03.11 – 2003.10.13)

Titular Bishop of Victoriana (2003.10.13 – 2007.05.07)

President of Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church (2003.10.13 – 2007.09.03)

President of Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology (2004.08.28 – 2007.09.03)

Secretary of Congregation for Clergy (2007.05.07 – 2010.10.07)

Vice-President of International Council for Catechesis (2007.05.07 – 2010.10.07)

Titular Archbishop of Victoriana (2007.05.07 – 2010.11.20)

President of International Council for Catechesis (2010.10.07 – 2013.01.16)

Prefect of Congregation for Clergy (2010.10.07 – 2013.09.21)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane (2010.11.20 [2011.04.02] – 2021.05.03)

President of Interdicastery Commission for Candidates to Sacred Order (2013.01.16 – 2013.09.21)

Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary (2013.09.21 – 2024.04.06)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Titular Bishop of Thelepte (2003.12.30 – 2008.04.12)

Secretary of Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (2003.12.30 – 2008.04.12)

Titular Archbishop of Thelepte (2008.04.12 – 2010.11.20)

President of Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See (2008.04.12 – 2011.09.21)

Pontifical Delegate for Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ (2010.07.09 – 2014.02.25)

Cardinal-Deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola (2010.11.20 [2011.05.15] – 2017.09.09)

Priest of Milano (Italy) (1966.06.28 – 2007.09.03)

Protonotary Apostolic Supernumerary (1995.05.13 – 2007.09.03)

Titular Archbishop of Villamagna in Proconsulari (2007.09.03 – 2010.11.20)

President of Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church (2007.09.03 – 2012.11.03)

President of Pontifical Council for Culture (2007.09.03 – 2022.06.05)

President of Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology (2007.09.03 – 2022.11.25)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro (2010.11.20 [2011.01.23] – 2021.05.03)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Giorgio in Velabro pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Chipata (Zambia) (1960.09.04 – 1970.11.11)

Bishop of Chipata (Zambia) (1970.11.11 – 1996.11.30)

President of Zambia Episcopal Conference (1972 – 1975)

President of Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa (1979 – 1986)

President of Zambia Episcopal Conference (1988 – 1990)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Lusaka (Zambia) (1996.11.30 – 2006.10.28)

President of Zambia Episcopal Conference (1999 – 2002)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Emerenziana a Tor Fiorenza (2010.11.20 [2011.03.26] – 2013.08.29)

Priest of Riobamba (Ecuador) (1957.07.28 – 1972.04.20)

General Secretary of Episcopal Conference of Ecuador (1970 – 1972)

Titular Bishop of Ausafa (1972.04.20 – 1975.04.29)

Auxiliary Bishop of Guayaquil (Ecuador) (1972.04.20 – 1975.04.29)

Bishop of Azogues (Ecuador) (1975.04.29 – 1989.07.08)

Titular Bishop of Pauzera (1989.07.08 – 1998.03.07)

Military Ordinary of Ecuador (Ecuador) (1989.07.08 – 2003.03.21)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Quito (Ecuador) (2003.03.21 – 2010.09.11)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Via (2010.11.20 [2010.11.28] – 2020.11.15)

Priest of Inongo (Congo-Kinshasa) (1963.12.21 – 1980.02.13)

Auxiliary Bishop of Inongo (Congo-Kinshasa) (1980.02.13 – 1981.04.07)

Titular Bishop of Aquæ novæ in Proconsulari (1980.02.13 – 1988.09.01)

Auxiliary Bishop of Kisangani (Congo-Kinshasa) (1981.04.07 – 1988.09.01)

President of National Episcopal Conference of Congo (1984 – 1992)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Kisangani (Congo-Kinshasa) (1988.09.01 – 2007.12.06)

President of Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (1997 – 2003)

President of National Episcopal Conference of Congo (2004.07 – 2008)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Kinshasa (Congo-Kinshasa) (2007.12.06 – 2018.11.01)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria «Regina Pacis» in Ostia mare (2010.11.20 [2011.01.22] – 2021.07.11)

Member of Council of Cardinals to assist in the governance of the Universal Church and to reform the Roman Curia (2013.04.13 – 2018.10)

Priest of Acireale (Italy) (1961.03.18 – 1983.12.17)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1968.01.03 – 1983.12.17)

Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti (1983.12.17 – 1990.04.24)

Titular Archbishop of Vulturia (1983.12.17 – 2006.12.19)

Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia (1990.04.24 – 1999.02.05)

Apostolic Nuncio to Canada (1999.02.05 – 2001.04.17)

Apostolic Nuncio to Italy (2001.04.17 – 2006.12.19)

Apostolic Nuncio to San Marino (2001.04.17 – 2006.12.19)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Palermo (Italy) (2006.12.19 – 2015.10.27)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria Odigitria dei Siciliani pro hac vice Title (2010.11.20 [2011.01.22] – ...)

Apostolic Administrator of Piana degli Albanesi of the Italo-Albanese (Italy) (2013.04.08 – 2015.03.31)

Priest of Pittsburgh (USA) (1966.12.17 – 1985.11.30)

Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle (USA) (1985.11.30 – 1987.05.26)

Titular Bishop of Rosemarkie (1985.11.30 – 1988.02.11)

Bishop of Pittsburgh (USA) (1988.02.11 – 2006.05.16)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Washington (USA) (2006.05.16 – 2018.10.12)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli (2010.11.20 [2011.05.08] – ...)

Apostolic Administrator of Washington (USA) (2018.10.12 – 2019.04.04)

Priest of Brasília (Brazil) (1968.03.19 – 1986.06.18)

Titular Bishop of Nova Petra (1986.06.18 – 2004.01.28)

Auxiliary Bishop of Brasília (Brazil) (1986.06.18 – 2004.01.28)

General Secretary of Latin American Episcopal Council (1991 – 1995)

General Secretary of National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (1995 – 2003)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Aparecida (Brazil) (2004.01.28 – 2016.11.16)

President of Latin American Episcopal Council (2007.07.12 – 2011.05.19)

Cardinal-Priest of Immacolata al Tiburtino (2010.11.20 [2011.04.03] – ...)

President of National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (2011.05.10 – 2015.04.20)

Apostolic Commissioner for Heralds of the Gospel (2019.09.28 – ...)

Priest of Kraków (Poland) (1973.05.20 – 1988.05.14)

Titular Bishop of Villa regis (1988.05.14 – 2004.06.09)

Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków (Poland) (1988.05.14 – 2004.06.09)

Bishop of Koszalin–Kołobrzeg (Poland) (2004.06.09 – 2007.03.03)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Warszawa (Poland) (2007.03.03 – 2024.11.04)

Ordinary of Poland of the Eastern Rite (Poland) (2007.06.09 – ...)

Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti (2010.11.20 [2011.04.29] – ...)

Priest of Colombo (Sri Lanka) (1975.06.29 – 1991.06.17)

Titular Bishop of Cabarsussi (1991.06.17 – 1995.11.02)

Auxiliary Bishop of Colombo (Sri Lanka) (1991.06.17 – 1995.11.02)

Bishop of Ratnapura (Sri Lanka) (1995.11.02 – 2001.10.01)

Archbishop ad personam (2001.10.01 – 2004.04.29)

Adjunct Secretary of Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples (2001.10.01 – 2005.12.10)

Apostolic Nuncio to Indonesia (2004.04.29 – 2005.12.10)

Apostolic Nuncio to Timor-Leste (2004.04.29 – 2005.12.10)

Titular Archbishop of Umbriatico (2004.04.29 – 2009.06.16)

Secretary of Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (2005.12.10 – 2009.06.16)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Colombo (Sri Lanka) (2009.06.16 – ...)

President of Bishops’ Conference of Sri Lanka (2010.04 – 2017.02.21)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (2010.11.20 [2011.02.13] – ...)

Vice-President of Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences (2018.11.16 [2019.01.01] – 2025.01.01)

Priest of Paderborn (Germany) (1979.06.02 – 1996.07.23)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1993.06.21 – 1996.07.23)

Titular Bishop of Pićan (1996.07.23 – 2001.12.20)

Auxiliary Bishop of Paderborn (Germany) (1996.07.23 – 2001.12.20)

Bishop of Trier (Germany) (2001.12.20 – 2007.11.30)

Metropolitan Archbishop of München und Freising (Germany) (2007.11.30 – ...)

Vice-President of Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the European Community (2009.03 – 2012.03.22)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Corbiniano (2010.11.20 [2011.06.05] – ...)

President of Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the European Community (2012.03.22 – 2018.03.08)

Member of Council of Cardinals (2013.04.13 – 2023.03.07)

Coordinator of Council for the Economy (2014.03.08 – ...)

President of German Episcopal Conference (2014.03.12 – 2020.03.03)

Priest of Madrid (Spain) (1954.06.27 – 1972.09.05)

Titular Bishop of Tisili (1972.09.05 – 1983.07.30)

Auxiliary Bishop of Madrid (Spain) (1972.09.05 – 1983.07.30)

Archbishop Military Vicar of Spain (Spain) (1983.07.30 – 1986.07.21)

Titular Archbishop of Velebusdus (1983.07.30 – 1989.11.18)

Archbishop Military Ordinary of Spain (Spain) (1986.07.21 – 2003.10.30)

Titular Archbishop of Italica (1989.11.18 – 1998.03.07)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Gabriele Arcangelo all’Acqua Traversa (2010.11.20 [2011.04.29] – 2019.07.21)

Priest of Fano (Italy) (1952.06.29 – 1972)

Chaplain of His Holiness (1966.07.02 – 1972.11.24)

Priest of Fossombrone (Italy) (1972 – 1986.09.30)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1972.11.24 – 1992.11.05)

Priest of Fano–Fossombrone–Cagli–Pergola (Italy) (1986.09.30 – 1992.11.05)

Secretary of Pontifical Council for the Family (1992.11.05 – 1996.04.03)

Titular Bishop of Zama minor (1992.11.05 – 2010.11.20)

Vice-President of Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy (1994.05 – 2005.01.03)

Vice-President of Pontifical Academy for Life (1994.06.01 – 2005.01.03)

President of Pontifical Academy for Life (2005.01.03 – 2008.06.17)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria (2010.11.20 [2011.03.12] – 2019.06.05)

Priest of Bamberg (Germany) (1953.07.26 – 2010.11.04)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1983.07.17 – 2010.11.04)

President of Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences (1998.06.13 – 2009.12.03)

Titular Archbishop of Cesarea in Mauretania (2010.11.04 – 2010.11.20)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi (2010.11.20 [2011.03.06] – 2021.05.03)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi pro hac vice Title (2021.05.03 – ...)

Priest of Firenze (Italy) (1939.12.23 – 2010.11.20)

Director Master of Pontifical Musical Chorus of the Sistine Chapel (1956.12 – 1997.05.29)

Domestic Prelate (1965.01.21 – 1968.03.28)

Prelate of Honour of His Holiness (1968.03.28 – 2010.11.20)

Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Nomi di Gesù e Maria in Via Lata (2010.11.20 [2011.09.28] – 2013.11.11)