 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 |  |
Date | Country | Change |
| 1938 |  Italy | Diocese of Larino lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Manfredonia |
| 1938 |  Russia | Apostolic Vicariate of Siberia was suppressed |
| 1938 |  Slovakia | Diocese of Nitra lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kraków |
| 1938 |  Tunisia | Titular Episcopal See of Cariana was renamed as Titular Episcopal See of Cariana |
| 1938.01.08 |  China | Mission sui juris of Jianningfu 建寧府 was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Jian’ou 建甌 |
| 1938.01.08 |  India | Diocese of Madura was established (from Diocese of Trichinopoly and became suffragan of Bombay) |
| 1938.01.08 |  Madagascar | Apostolic Prefecture of Morondava was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Antsirabé, Apostolic Vicariate of Fianarantsoa, Apostolic Vicariate of Majunga and Apostolic Vicariate of Tananarive) |
| 1938.01.08 |  Vietnam | Apostolic Vicariate of Vinh Long was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Saigon) |
| 1938.01.08 |  Zambia | Apostolic Prefecture of Ndola was established (from Apostolic Prefecture of Broken Hill) |
| 1938.02.09 | China | Apostolic Prefecture of Guilin 桂林 was established (from Apostolic Prefecture of Wuzhou 梧州) |
| 1938.02.09 | China | Apostolic Vicariate of Yazhou 雅州 was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Jiading 嘉定 |
| 1938.02.09 | China | Mission sui juris of Weihai 威海 was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Weihai 威海 |
| 1938.02.09 |  Congo-Kinshasa | Mission sui juris of Beni in Belgian Congo was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Beni in Belgian Congo |
| 1938.02.26 |  USA | Diocese of Saginaw was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Detroit and Diocese of Grand Rapids and became suffragan of Detroit) |
| 1938.03.13 |  Canada | Diocese of Chatham was renamed as Diocese of Bathurst |
| 1938.03.13 |  Nigeria | Apostolic Prefecture of Ogoja was established (from Apostolic Prefecture of Calabar) |
| 1938.03.29 |  Australia | Diocese of Victoria–Palmerston was renamed as Diocese of Darwin (gained territory from Apostolic Vicariate of Papua) |
| 1938.03.29 |  Papua New Guinea | Apostolic Vicariate of Papua lost territory to Diocese of Darwin |
| 1938.03.29 |  South Africa | Mission sui juris of Queenstown was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Queenstown |
| 1938.03.29 |  Tanzania | Mission sui juris of Tukuyu was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Tukuyu |
| 1938.05.07 |  Brazil | Diocese of Limoeiro do Norte was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Fortaleza and became suffragan of Fortaleza) |
| 1938.05.21 | China | Mission sui juris of Shaowu 邵武 was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Shaowu 邵武 |
| 1938.05.21 | China | Mission sui juris of Xinjiang 新疆 was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Xinjiang 新疆 |
| 1938.05.21 |  Indonesia | Apostolic Prefecture of Bandjarmasin was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Dutch Borneo) |
| 1938.05.21 | Indonesia | Apostolic Vicariate of Dutch Borneo was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Pontianak (lost territory to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Bandjarmasin) |
| 1938.05.21 | Russia | Mission sui juris of Karafuto was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Karafuto |
| 1938.06.03 | China | Apostolic Prefecture of Baoqing 寶慶 was established (from Apostolic Prefecture of Yongzhoufu 永州府) |
| 1938.06.14 | China | Apostolic Vicariate of Shinan 施南 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Yichang 宜昌) |
| 1938.06.14 |  Laos | Apostolic Prefecture of Vientiane et Louang-Prabang was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Laos) |
| 1938.06.14 | Madagascar | Apostolic Prefecture of Isole di Mayotta, Nossi-Bé e Comore was renamed as Apostolic Prefecture of Ambanja |
| 1938.06.14 |  Togo | Apostolic Vicariate of Togo was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Lomé |
| 1938.08.04 |  South Sudan | Mission sui juris of Kodok was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Kodok |
| 1938.08.24 |  Portugal | Diocese of Aveiro was restored (from Diocese of Coimbra, Diocese of Porto and Diocese of Viseu and became suffragan of Braga) |
| 1938.11.04 |  Poland | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Wrocław lost territory to Diocese of Katowice |
| 1938.12.03 | Canada | Diocese of Amos was established (from Diocese of Haileybury and became suffragan of Québec) |
| 1938.12.03 | Canada | Apostolic Vicariate of Baie de James was established (from Diocese of Haileybury and Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Ontario and became suffragan of Ottawa) |
| 1938.12.03 | Canada | Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Ontario was promoted as Diocese of Hearst (lost territory to establish Apostolic Vicariate of Baie de James) |
| 1938.12.10 | Canada | Diocese of Haileybury was renamed as Diocese of Timmins |
| 1938.12.13 | China | Apostolic Prefecture of Jianchangfu 建昌府 was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Nancheng 南城 |
| 1938.12.17 |  Hungary | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eger exchanged territory with Apostolic Prefecture of Mérk |
| 1938.12.17 | Hungary | Apostolic Prefecture of Mérk exchanged territory with Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eger |
| 1938.12.31 | Italy | Diocese of Alghero lost territory to Diocese of Nuoro |
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