| Date | Country | Change |
| 2006.01.17 | Diocese of El Banco was established (from Diocese of Santa Marta and Diocese of Valledupar and became suffragan of Barranquilla) | |
| 2006.01.28 | Diocese of Jowai was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong and became suffragan of Shillong) | |
| 2006.01.28 | Diocese of Nongstoin was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong and became suffragan of Shillong) | |
| 2006.03.18 | Mission sui juris of Kyrgyzstan was promoted as Apostolic Administration of Kyrgyzstan | |
| 2006.03.23 | Diocese of Jashpur was established (from Diocese of Raigarh and became suffragan of Raipur) | |
| 2006.04.07 | Diocese of Celje was established (from Diocese of Maribor and became suffragan of Maribor) | |
| 2006.04.07 | Diocese of Maribor was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Maribor (with suffragan sees Celje and Murska Sobota and lost territory to establish Diocese of Celje and Diocese of Murska Sobota) | |
| 2006.04.07 | Diocese of Murska Sobota was established (from Diocese of Maribor and became suffragan of Maribor) | |
| 2006.04.07 | Diocese of Novo Mesto was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ljubljana and became suffragan of Ljubljana) | |
| 2006.05.13 | Diocese of Moramanga was established (from Diocese of Ambatondrazaka and became suffragan of Antananarivo) | |
| 2006.05.15 | Diocese of Tiruvalla (Syro-Malankara Rite) was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tiruvalla (with suffragan sees Bathery and Moovatupuzha) | |
| 2006.06.14 | Diocese of Carcassonne was renamed as Diocese of Carcassonne et Narbonne | |
| 2006.08.28 | Diocese of Banmaw was established (from Diocese of Myitkyina and became suffragan of Mandalay) | |
| 2006.09.20 | Diocese of Sokal (Ukrainian Rite) was renamed as Diocese of Sokal–Zhovkva | |
| 2006.10.14 | Diocese of Agboville was established (from Diocese of Yopougon and became suffragan of Abidjan) | |
| 2006.10.17 | Titular Episcopal See of Myra (Greek-Melkite Rite) was promoted as Titular Archiepiscopal See of Myra | |
| 2006.10.21 | Diocese of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Sydney (Chaldean Rite) was established (without ecclesiastical province) | |
| 2006.10.22 | Diocese of Novo Redondo was renamed as Diocese of Sumbe | |
| 2006.11.25 | Diocese of Bujumbura was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bujumbura (with suffragan sees Bubanza and Bururi) | |
| 2006.11.25 | Archdiocese of Goa and Daman was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Goa and Daman (with suffragan see Sindhudurg) | |
| 2006.11.25 | Diocese of León was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of León (with suffragan sees Celaya, Irapuato and Querétaro) | |
| 2006.11.25 | Diocese of Tijuana was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tijuana (with suffragan sees La Paz and Mexicali) | |
| 2006.11.25 | Diocese of Tulancingo was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tulancingo (with suffragan sees Huejutla and Tula) | |
| 2006.11.25 | Diocese of Tuxtla Gutiérrez was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tuxtla Gutiérrez (with suffragan sees San Cristóbal de Las Casas and Tapachula) | |
| 2006.12.06 | Diocese of São José dos Pinhais was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Curitiba and became suffragan of Curitiba) | |
| 2006.12.07 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Paderborn lost territory to Diocese of Essen | |
| 2006.12.15 | Diocese of Grenoble was renamed as Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne |
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