| Date | Country | Change |
| 1901 | Diocese of Syria (Chaldean Rite) was established (without ecclesiastical province) | |
| 1901.02.09 | Apostolic Prefecture of New Hebrides was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Nouvelle-Calédonie) | |
| 1901.04.15 | Apostolic Vicariate of Coastal Tonking was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern Tonking) | |
| 1901.05.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Dahomey was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Dahomey | |
| 1901.05.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Gold Coast was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Gold Coast | |
| 1901.05.30 | Diocese of Altoona was established (from Diocese of Harrisburg and Diocese of Pittsburgh and became suffragan of Philadelphia) | |
| 1901.07.03 | Apostolic Vicariate of Athabaska Mackenzie was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Athabaska (lost territory to establish Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie) | |
| 1901.07.03 | Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Athabaska Mackenzie and became suffragan of Saint-Boniface) | |
| 1901.07.16 | Apostolic Prefecture of Araucanía was established (from Diocese of Concepción and Diocese of San Carlos de Ancud) | |
| 1901.07.19 | Apostolic Prefecture of Ghardaïa was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Sahara and Sudan) | |
| 1901.07.19 | Apostolic Vicariate of Sahara and Sudan was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of French Sudan (lost territory to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Ghardaïa) | |
| 1901.07.26 | Mission sui juris of Kasaï Supérieur was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Congo Belge) |
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