| Date | Country | Change |
| 1859 | Diocese of Tokat (Armenian Rite) was established | |
| 1859.01.03 | Diocese of Rennes was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Rennes (with suffragan sees Quimper, Saint-Brieuc and Vannes) | |
| 1859.02.02 | Diocese of London was renamed as Diocese of Sandwich | |
| 1859.04.10 | Diocese of Pasto was established (from Diocese of Popayán and became suffragan of Santafé en Nueva Granada) | |
| 1859.04.12 | Diocese of Brisbane was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney and became suffragan of Sydney) | |
| 1859.06.13 | Diocese of Paraná was established (from Diocese of Buenos Aires and became suffragan of La Plata) | |
| 1859.07 | Archdiocese of Spoleto lost territory to Diocese of Rieti | |
| 1859.07.07 | Diocese of Monterey was renamed as Diocese of Monterey–Los Angeles | |
| 1859.09.04 | Diocese of Catania was promoted as Archdiocese of Catania (without ecclesiastical province) |
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