Pope Francis (87), Supreme Pontiff and Prefect of Dicastery for Evangelisation |
Cardinal Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J. (80), Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Pietro e Paolo a Via Ostiense, President of Ecclesial Conference of the Amazon (CEAMA), Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Peru and Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo (Peru) |
Cardinal Stephen Chow Sau-yan (周守仁), S.J. (65), Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni Battista de La Salle and Bishop of Hong Kong 香港 (Hong Kong) |
Cardinal Michael Czerny, S.J. (78), Cardinal-Deacon of S. Michele Arcangelo, Prefect of Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, President of Vatican COVID-19 Commission and Member of Council of the Section for Relations with States and International Organisations |
Cardinal Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja, S.J. (89), Cardinal-Priest of S. Cuore di Maria and Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta (Indonesia) |
Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda, S.J. (82), Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Nome di Gesù, Pontifical Assistant for Memores Domini Lay Association and Patron of Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (Knights of Malta) |
Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, S.J. (66), Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto, Archbishop of Luxembourg (Luxembourg), Member of Council of Cardinals and Vice-President of Council of European Bishops’ Conferences |
Cardinal Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, S.J. (80), Cardinal-Deacon of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, Prefect emeritus of Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, President emeritus of Pontifical Biblical Commission and former President of International Theological Commission |
Cardinal Ángel Sixto Rossi, S.J. (66), Cardinal-Priest of S. Bernadette Soubirous and Metropolitan Archbishop of Córdoba (Argentina) |
Cardinal Sigitas Tamkevičius, S.J. (85), Cardinal-Priest of S. Angela Merici and Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas (Lithuania) |
Archbishop Joseph Atanga, S.J. (72), Metropolitan Archbishop of Bertoua (Cameroon) |
Archbishop Ján Babjak, S.J. (70), Metropolitan emeritus of Prešov of the Slovaks (Slovakia) and former President of Council of the Slovak Church |
Archbishop Alojzij Cvikl, S.J. (69), Metropolitan Archbishop of Maribor (Slovenia) |
Archbishop William D’Souza, S.J. (78), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Patna (India) |
Archbishop Gonzalo de Villa y Vásquez, S.J. (70), Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago de Guatemala (Guatemala) |
Archbishop Paul Desfarges, S.J. (80), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Alger–Iulia Caesarea (Algeria) |
Archbishop Stanislaus Fernandes, S.J. (84), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Gandhinagar (India) |
Archbishop Leo Jun Ikenaga (レオ 池長 潤), S.J. (87), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Osaka 大阪 (Japan) |
Archbishop Theodoros Kontidis, S.J. (68), Archbishop of Athens (Greece) and Apostolic Administrator of Rhodes (Greece) |
Archbishop Antonio Javellana Ledesma, S.J. (81), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Cagayan de Oro (Philippines) |
Archbishop Terrence Thomas Prendergast, S.J. (80), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Ottawa–Cornwall (Canada) |
Archbishop Fulgence Rabeony, S.J. (78), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Toliara (Madagascar) |
Archbishop Paschal Topno, S.J. (92), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Bhopal (India) |
Archbishop Felix Toppo, S.J. (76), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Ranchi (India) |
Archbishop Charles Louis Joseph Vandame, S.J. (96), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of N’Djaména (Chad) |
Archbishop Cyril Vasil’, S.J. (59), Archbishop-Bishop of Košice of the Slovaks (Slovakia) and Member of College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata |
Archbishop Lionginas Virbalas, S.J. (63), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas (Lithuania) and former Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania |
Bishop Edgardo Fabián Antúnez-Percíncula Kaenel, S.J. (55), Bishop of San José de Mayo (Uruguay) |
Bishop Antoine Audo, S.J. (78), Bishop of Aleppo of the Chaldeans (Syria) |
Bishop Donatien Bafuidinsoni Maloko-Mana, S.J. (61), Bishop of Inongo (Congo-Kinshasa) |
Bishop Michael Charles Barber, S.J. (70), Bishop of Oakland (USA) |
Bishop Francesco Beneduce, S.J. (68), Titular Bishop of Gaudiaba and Auxiliary Bishop of Napoli (Italy) |
Bishop Gordon Dunlap Bennett, S.J. (77), Bishop emeritus of Mandeville (Jamaica) |
Bishop Paolo Bizzeti, S.J. (77), Vicar Apostolic of Anatolia (Turkiye) and Titular Bishop of Tabæ |
Bishop Juan Vicente Córdoba Villota, S.J. (73), Bishop of Fontibón (Colombia) |
Bishop Álvaro Corrada Del Río, S.J. (82), Bishop emeritus of Mayagüez (Puerto Rico) |
Bishop Henri Coudray, S.J. (82), Titular Bishop of Silli and Vicar Apostolic emeritus of Mongo (Chad) |
Bishop Godfrey de Rozario, S.J. (78), Bishop emeritus of Baroda (India) |
Bishop Joseph Gontran Décoste, S.J. (67), Bishop of Jérémie (Haiti) and General Secretary of Episcopal Conference of Haiti |
Bishop Luis Serapio del Castillo Estrada, S.J. (93), Bishop emeritus of Melo (Uruguay) |
Bishop Ernesto Giobando, S.J. (64), Titular Bishop of Appiaria, Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Apostolic Administrator of Mar del Plata (Argentina) |
Bishop Matthias Gu Zheng (顧征), S.J. (87), Prefect Apostolic of Xining 西寧 (China) |
Bishop Alexis Habiyambere, S.J. (85), Bishop emeritus of Nyundo (Rwanda) |
Bishop Juan de Dios Hernández Ruiz, S.J. (75), Bishop of Pinar del Río (Cuba) and General Secretary of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Cuba |
Bishop Cosme Hoàng Văn Ðạt, S.J. (77), Bishop emeritus of Bac Ninh (Vietnam) |
Bishop Antuan Ilgit, S.J. (52), Titular Bishop of Tubernuca and Auxiliary Bishop of Anatolia (Turkiye) |
Bishop Angelus Kujur, S.J. (78), Bishop emeritus of Purnea (India) |
Bishop Gabriel Kujur, S.J. (79), Bishop emeritus of Daltonganj (India) |
Bishop Milan Lach, S.J. (50), Titular Bishop of Ostracine and Auxiliary Bishop of Bratislava of the Slovaks (Slovakia) |
Bishop Joseph Lee Han-taek (이한택 요셉 / 李漢澤), S.J. (89), Bishop emeritus of Uijeongbu 의정부 (South Korea) |
Bishop Daniele Libanori, S.J. (71), Titular Bishop of Buruni and Assessor of the Holy Father for Consecrated Life |
Bishop Jorge Rubén Lugones, S.J. (72), Bishop of Lomas de Zamora (Argentina) |
Bishop Juan Antonio Martínez Camino, S.J. (71), Titular Bishop of Bigastro and Auxiliary Bishop of Madrid (Spain) |
Bishop Alexander Aloysius McGuckian (Alan), S.J. (71), Bishop of Down and Connor (Northern Ireland) |
Bishop Rodrigo Mejía Saldarriaga, S.J. (86), Titular Bishop of Vulturia and Vicar Apostolic emeritus of Soddo (Ethiopia) |
Bishop Patras Minj, S.J. (79), Bishop emeritus of Ambikapur (India) |
Bishop Gregory O’Kelly, S.J. (83), Bishop emeritus of Port Pirie (Australia) |
Bishop Fidelis Rakotonarivo, S.J. (68), Bishop of Ambositra (Madagascar) |
Bishop Alessio Saccardo, S.J. (84), Bishop emeritus of Ponta de Pedras (Brazil) |
Bishop Hugo Manuel Salaberry Goyeneche, S.J. (72), Bishop of Azul (Argentina) |
Bishop Dieter Bernd Scholz, S.J. (86), Bishop emeritus of Chinhoyi (Zimbabwe) |
Bishop Francis Serrao, S.J. (65), Bishop of Shimoga (India) |
Bishop Carlos Arthur Sevilla, S.J. (89), Bishop emeritus of Yakima (USA) |
Bishop Paul Tan Chee Ing (陳志音), S.J. (84), Bishop emeritus of Melaka–Johor (Malaysia) |
Bishop Julio César Terán Dutari, S.J. (91), Bishop emeritus of Ibarra (Ecuador) |
Bishop John Baptist Thakur, S.J. (87), Bishop emeritus of Muzaffarpur (India) |
Bishop Gilberto Alfredo Vizcarra Mori, S.J. (64), Vicar Apostolic of Jaén en Perú (Peru) and Titular Bishop of Autenti |
Bishop Joseph Werth, S.J. (71), Bishop of Transfiguration at Novosibirsk (Russia) and Ordinary of Russia of the Russians (Russia) |
Bishop Gbaya Boniface Ziri, S.J. (74), Bishop of Abengourou (Cote d’Ivoire) |
2024: Bishop Honesto Chaves Pacana, S.J., Bishop of Malaybalay (Philippines) |
2023: Bishop Peter Henrici, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Chur (Switzerland) |
2023: Bishop Valentin Pozaić, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Zagreb (Croatia) |
2022: Bishop João Evangelista Martins Terra, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Brasília (Brazil) |
2022: Bishop Jonas Algimantas Boruta, S.J., Bishop of Telšiai (Lithuania) |
2021: Cardinal Albert Vanhoye, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria della Mercede e S. Adriano a Villa Albani pro hac vice Title and Secretary of Pontifical Biblical Commission |
2021: Bishop Luis Armando Bambarén Gastelumendi, S.J., Bishop of Chimbote (Peru) |
2021: Bishop Linus Nirmal Gomes, S.J., Bishop of Baruipur (India) |
2020: Bishop George Vance Murry, S.J., Bishop of Youngstown (USA) |
2020: Bishop Julianus Kemo Sunarko, S.J., Bishop of Purwokerto (Indonesia) |
2019: Bishop Charles Soreng, S.J., Bishop of Hazaribag (India) |
2018: Archbishop Philibert Randriambololona, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) |
2018: Bishop Dominik Kaľata, S.J., Titular Bishop of Semta |
2018: Bishop Attila Miklósházy, S.J., Titular Bishop of Castellum minus |
2018: Bishop Santiago María García de la Rasilla Domínguez, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jaén en Perú (Peru) |
2016: Bishop Alphonsus Flavian D’Souza, S.J., Bishop of Raiganj (India) |
2016: Bishop Nikolaus Messmer, S.J., Apostolic Administrator of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) |
2015: Cardinal Ján Chryzostom Korec, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Fabiano e Venanzio a Villa Fiorelli and Bishop of Nitra (Slovakia) |
2015: Cardinal Roberto Tucci, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio pro hac vice Title and President of Vatican Radio |
2015: Cardinal Karl Josef Becker, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giuliano Martire |
2015: Bishop Federico Ocampo Escaler, S.J., Bishop-Prelate of Ipil (Philippines) |
2015: Bishop Thomas Bhalerao, S.J., Bishop of Nashik (India) |
2015: Bishop Anthony Francis Sharma, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Nepal (Nepal) |
2014: Archbishop Giuseppe Pittau, S.J., Secretary of Congregation for Catholic Education (for Seminaries and Educational Institutions) |
2014: Archbishop Benedict John Osta, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Patna (India) |
2014: Bishop Joseph Fan Zhong-liang (范忠良), S.J., Bishop of Shanghai 上海 (China) |
2013: Bishop Luís Gonzaga Ferreira da Silva, S.J., Bishop of Lichinga (Mozambique) |
2013: Bishop Aloysius Jin Lu-xian (金魯賢), S.J., Bishop of Shanghai 上海 (China) and Coadjutor Bishop of Shanghai 上海 (China) |
2013: Bishop Joaquín Piña Batllevell, S.J., Bishop of Puerto Iguazú (Argentina) |
2012: Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Cecilia and Metropolitan Archbishop of Milano (Italy) |
2012: Cardinal Paul Shan Kuo-hsi (單國璽), S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono and Bishop of Kaohsiung 高雄 (Taiwan) |
2012: Archbishop Aloysio José Leal Penna, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Botucatu (Brazil) |
2012: Bishop Hans Ludvig Martensen, S.J., Bishop of København (Denmark) |
2012: Bishop Xavier-Marie Baronnet, S.J., Bishop of Port Victoria (Seychelles) |
2011: Archbishop Manuel Prado Perez-Rosas, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Trujillo (Peru) |
2011: Bishop Ângelo Maria Rivato, S.J., Bishop of Ponta de Pedras (Brazil) |
2011: Bishop José María Izuzquiza Herranz, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jaén en Perú (Peru) |
2011: Bishop Francis Leo Braganza, S.J., Bishop of Baroda (India) |
2010: Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Agata de’ Goti |
2010: Cardinal Urbano Navarrete Cortés, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Ponziano and Rector Magnificus of Pontifical Gregorian University |
2010: Archbishop Lawrence Aloysius Burke, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Kingston in Jamaica (Jamaica) |
2010: Bishop Luis Manresa Formosa, S.J., Bishop of Quetzaltenango, Los Altos (Guatemala) |
2010: Bishop Francisco Funaay Claver, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Bontoc–Lagawe (Philippines) |
2010: Bishop Joseph Robert Rodericks, S.J., Bishop of Jamshedpur (India) |
2009: Bishop Luc Alfons De Hovre, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Mechelen–Brussel (Belgium) |
2008: Cardinal Avery Dulles, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Nomi di Gesù e Maria in Via Lata |
2008: Bishop Peter Dubovský, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia) |
2008: Bishop Daniel Gil Zorrilla, S.J., Bishop of Salto (Uruguay) |
2008: Bishop Ernest Kombo, S.J., Bishop of Owando (Congo-Brazzaville) |
2008: Bishop José Carlos de Lima Vaz, S.J., Bishop of Petrópolis (Brazil) |
2007: Cardinal Adam Kozłowiecki, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Andrea al Quirinale and Metropolitan Archbishop of Lusaka (Zambia) |
2007: Bishop John Liu Ding-han (劉定漢), S.J. ▼, Bishop of Xianxian 獻縣 (China) |
2006: Archbishop Luciano Pedro Mendes de Almeida, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Mariana (Brazil) |
2006: Bishop Pavol Mária Hnilica, S.J., Titular Bishop of Rusadus |
2006: Bishop Antonio de Hornedo Correa, S.J., Bishop of Chachapoyas (Peru) |
2005: Bishop Charles-Remy Rakotonirina, S.J., Bishop of Farafangana (Madagascar) |
2004: Archbishop Ricardo Durand Flórez, S.J., Archbishop-Bishop of Callao (Peru) |
2004: Bishop James Corboy, S.J., Bishop of Monze (Zambia) |
2004: Bishop Martin Joseph Neylon, S.J., Bishop of Caroline Islands (Micronesia) |
2004: Bishop Helmut Reckter, S.J., Bishop of Chinhoyi (Zimbabwe) |
2004: Bishop Michael Minj, S.J., Bishop of Gumla (India) |
2003: Archbishop Fernando Vargas Ruiz de Somocurcio, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Arequipa (Peru) |
2003: Bishop Henrique Froehlich, S.J., Bishop of Sinop (Brazil) |
2003: Bishop Pío Bello Ricardo, S.J., Bishop of Los Teques (Venezuela) |
2003: Bishop John Richard Sheets, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Fort Wayne–South Bend (USA) |
2003: Bishop Renato Hasche Sánchez, S.J., Bishop of Arica (Chile) |
2002: Archbishop Samuel Emmanuel Carter, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Kingston in Jamaica (Jamaica) |
2002: Bishop Charles Gomes, S.J., Bishop of Ahmedabad (India) |
2002: Bishop Agostinho Willy Kist, S.J., Bishop of Diamantino (Brazil) |
2001: Bishop Robert Louis Whelan, S.J., Bishop of Fairbanks (USA) |
2000: Cardinal Augusto Vargas Alzamora, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Roberto Bellarmino and Metropolitan Archbishop of Lima (Peru) |
2000: Archbishop Victor Sartre, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Tananarive (Madagascar) |
2000: Bishop Michael Joseph Kaniecki, S.J., Bishop of Fairbanks (USA) |
1999: Cardinal Paolo Dezza, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio and Pontifical Delegate for Society of Jesus (Jesuits) |
1999: Bishop Ramón Salas Valdés, S.J., Bishop of Arica (Chile) |
1999: Bishop François Xavier Tabao Manjarimanana, S.J., Bishop of Mananjary (Madagascar) |
1998: Cardinal Alois Grillmeier, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere |
1998: Archbishop Ignace Abdo Khalifé, S.J., Archbishop-Bishop of Saint Maron of Sydney of the Maronites (Australia) |
1998: Bishop Henri Véniat, S.J., Bishop of Sarh (Chad) |
1998: Bishop Fernando Azcárate y Freyre de Andrade, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of La Habana (Cuba) |
1998: Bishop Paul Lungu, S.J., Bishop of Monze (Zambia) |
1997: Bishop Luis Enrique Orellana Ricaurte, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Quito (Ecuador) |
1996: Archbishop Christophe Munzihirwa Mwene Ngabo, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bukavu (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1996: Bishop Richard Lester Guilly, S.J., Bishop of Georgetown (Guyana) |
1995: Archbishop Leo Soekoto, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Jakarta (Indonesia) |
1995: Archbishop Dominic Deng Yi-ming (Tang Yee-ming) (鄧以明), S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Guangzhou 廣州 (China) |
1994: Cardinal Pablo Muñoz Vega, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Roberto Bellarmino and Metropolitan Archbishop of Quito (Ecuador) |
1994: Archbishop Paul-Pierre-Yves Dalmais, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of N’Djaména (Chad) |
1994: Bishop Antulio Parrilla-Bonilla, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Caguas (Puerto Rico) |
1994: Bishop Aghnatios Elias Yaacoub, S.J., Bishop of Luqsor of the Copts (Egypt) |
1994: Bishop Enrique San Pedro, S.J., Bishop of Brownsville (USA) |
1994: Bishop Alfred James Jolson, S.J., Bishop of Reykjavík (Iceland) |
1993: Cardinal Victor Razafimahatratra, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme and Metropolitan Archbishop of Antananarivo (Madagascar) |
1993: Archbishop Pius Kerketta, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Ranchi (India) |
1993: Archbishop Casimir Gnanadickam, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Madras and Mylapore (India) |
1993: Bishop Ignatius Philip Trigueros Glennie, S.J., Bishop of Trincomalee–Batticaloa (Sri Lanka) |
1993: Bishop Augustine Francis Wildermuth, S.J., Bishop of Patna (India) |
1993: Bishop Bernardo Arango Henao, S.J., Bishop of Barrancabermeja (Colombia) |
1993: Bishop George Victor Saupin, S.J., Bishop of Bhagalpur (India) |
1993: Bishop Alfredo Noriega Arce, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Lima (Peru) |
1992: Cardinal Lawrence Trevor Picachy, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Cuore di Maria and Metropolitan Archbishop of Calcutta (India) |
1992: Archbishop Francis William Markall, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Salisbury (Zimbabwe) |
1992: Bishop Pierre Bouckaert, S.J., Bishop of Popokabaka (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1992: Bishop José Alberto Llaguno Farias, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Tarahumara (Mexico) |
1992: Bishop Paul Li Zhen-rong (李振榮), S.J., Bishop of Xianxian 獻縣 (China) |
1991: Cardinal Henri-Marie de Lubac, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Domnica |
1991: Archbishop Gilbert Ramanantoanina, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) |
1991: Archbishop Angel Maria Ocampo Berrio, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Tunja (Colombia) |
1991: Bishop André Lefèbvre, S.J., Bishop of Kikwit (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1991: Bishop Oskar Formánek, S.J. |
1991: Bishop Philip Ekka, S.J., Bishop of Raipur (India) |
1989: Bishop Robert Louis Hodapp, S.J., Bishop of Belize (Belize) |
1989: Bishop Mijo Škvorc, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Zagreb (Croatia) |
1988: Archbishop Alejandro Mestre Descals, S.J., Coadjutor Archbishop of La Paz (Bolivia) |
1988: Bishop Aldus Maria Patroni, S.J., Bishop of Calicut (India) |
1988: Bishop Aloysius Zhang Jia-shu (張家樹), S.J. ▼, Bishop of Shanghai 上海 (China) |
1987: Bishop Alonso Silveira de Mello, S.J., Bishop-Prelate of Diamantino (Brazil) |
1987: Bishop Salvador Martinez Aguirre, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Tarahumara (Mexico) |
1986: Archbishop John Joseph McEleney, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Kingston in Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1986: Bishop Leo Tigga, S.J., Bishop of Raiganj (India) |
1985: Archbishop John Peter Leonard, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Madurai (India) |
1985: Bishop Carlos Arturo Mullín Nocetti, S.J., Bishop of Minas (Uruguay) |
1983: Bishop Francis Doyle Gleeson, S.J., Bishop of Fairbanks (USA) |
1982: Bishop Roger Joseph Heckel, S.J., Coadjutor Bishop of Strasbourg (France) |
1981: Bishop Benigno Chiriboga, S.J., Bishop of Latacunga (Ecuador) |
1980: Archbishop James Thomas Gibbons Hayes, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Cagayan de Oro (Philippines) |
1980: Bishop Georges Xenopulos, S.J., Bishop of Syros (Greece) and Bishop of Santorini (Greece) |
1980: Bishop Luis Mario Martínez de Lejarza Valle, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Guatemala (Guatemala) |
1979: Archbishop Adrianus Djajasepoetra, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Djakarta (Indonesia) |
1979: Bishop Viktor Novikov, S.J. |
1978: Archbishop Federico Melendro Gutiérrez (梅耿光), S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Anqing 安慶 (China) |
1978: Bishop Edwin Pinto, S.J., Bishop of Ahmedabad (India) |
1977: Bishop Vincent Ignatius Kennally, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Caroline and Marshall Islands (Micronesia) |
1976: Archbishop Thomas Roberts, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1975: Bishop Tommaso Berutti (柏露梯), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Bengbu 蚌埠 (China) |
1975: Bishop Oscar Sevrin, S.J., Bishop of Raigarh–Ambikapur (India) |
1974: Cardinal Jean-Guenolé-Marie Daniélou, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Saba |
1974: Bishop Thomas Roch Agniswami, S.J., Bishop of Kottar (India) |
1973: Bishop David Francis Hickey, S.J., Bishop of Belize (Belize) |
1973: Bishop Joseph Guffens, S.J., Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Kwango (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1971: Bishop Pieter Jan Willekens, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Djakarta (Indonesia) |
1970: Archbishop Luis del Rosario, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Zamboanga (Philippines) |
1970: Archbishop Xavier Ferdinand J. Thoyer, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) |
1970: Bishop Bernard James Sullivan, S.J., Bishop of Patna (India) |
1970: Bishop Philip Côté (郃軼歐), S.J., Bishop of Xuzhou 徐州 (China) |
1969: Bishop Johannes Ross (ヨハネス・ロス), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Hiroshima 広島 (Japan) |
1969: Bishop Nicholas Laudadio, S.J., Bishop of Galle (Sri Lanka) |
1969: Bishop Zenón Arámburu Urquiola (蒲廬), S.J., Bishop of Wuhu 蕪湖 (China) |
1968: Cardinal Augustin Bea, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Saba and President of Secretariat for Christian Unity |
1968: Archbishop Ferdinand Périer, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Calcutta (India) |
1968: Bishop Francis Xavier Zhao Zhen-sheng (趙振聲), S.J., Bishop of Xianxian 獻縣 (China) |
1967: Bishop Leopoldo Brellinger (凌安瀾), S.J., Bishop of Jingxian 景縣 (China) |
1965: Bishop George Theodore Boileau, S.J., Coadjutor Bishop of Fairbanks (USA) |
1964: Bishop Alfonso Verwimp, S.J., Bishop of Kisantu (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1963: Archbishop Albert Soegijapranata, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Semarang (Indonesia) and Military Vicar of Indonesia (Indonesia) |
1962: Archbishop Aston Sebastian Joseph Chichester, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Salisbury (Zimbabwe) |
1960: Archbishop Niclas Kujur, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Ranchi (India) |
1960: Bishop Simon Chu Kai-min (朱開敏), S.J., Bishop of Haimen 海門 (China) |
1960: Bishop Silvain van Hee, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Kwango (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1959: Archbishop Marius Macrionitis, S.J., Archbishop of Athens (Greece) |
1959: Bishop George Weld, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Guiana (Guyana) |
1959: Bishop Felipe Antonio Gallego Gorgojo, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) |
1958: Bishop João de Deus Ramalho (羅若望), S.J., Bishop of Macau 澳門 (Macau) |
1957: Bishop Michel-Joseph Bourguignon d’Herbigny, S.J., President of Pontifical Commission for Russia |
1955: Bishop Francesco Tiburzio Roche, S.J., Bishop of Tuticorin (India) |
1955: Bishop Thomas John Feeney, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Caroline and Marshall Islands (Micronesia) |
1954: Bishop Enrico van Schingen, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Kwango (Congo-Kinshasa) |
1954: Bishop Giuseppe Felix Heredia Zurita, S.J., Bishop of Guayaquil (Ecuador) |
1951: Archbishop Heinrich Döring (ハインリヒ・デーリング), S.J., Archbishop-Bishop of Poona (India) |
1951: Bishop Cipriano Cassini (趙信義), S.J., Bishop of Bengbu 蚌埠 (China) |
1950: Bishop Thomas Addis Emmet, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1948: Bishop Auguste Haouisée (惠濟良), S.J., Bishop of Shanghai 上海 (China) |
1947: Bishop Walter James Fitzgerald, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Alaska (USA) |
1946: Cardinal Pietro Boetto, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Angelo in Pescheria pro hac vice Title and Metropolitan Archbishop of Genova (Italy) |
1946: Bishop Gaston Robichez, S.J., Bishop of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) |
1946: Bishop William Aloysius Rice, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Belize (Belize) |
1945: Bishop Joseph Raphael John Crimont, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Alaska (USA) |
1945: Bishop Leone Proserpio, S.J., Bishop of Calicut (India) |
1944: Bishop Anthony Joseph Schuler, S.J., Bishop of El Paso (USA) |
1943: Bishop Joseph Nicholas Dinand, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1942: Archbishop Eduard Profittlich, S.J., Apostolic Administrator of Estonia (Estonia) |
1941: Bishop Santiago López de Rego y Labarta, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands (Micronesia) |
1940: Archbishop Giovanni Battista della Pietra, S.J., Titular Archbishop of Chalcedon |
1939: Archbishop Alban Goodier, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1939: Bishop Henri Lécroart (劉欽明), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Xianxian 獻縣 (China) |
1939: Bishop Joseph Aloysius Murphy, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Belize (Belize) |
1936: Archbishop Gioacchino Lima, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1936: Archbishop Pascual Díaz y Barreto, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of México (Mexico) |
1936: Bishop Antonio Pietro Francesco van Velsen, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Batavia (Indonesia) |
1935: Archbishop Antonino Zecchini, S.J., Apostolic Administrator of Estonia (Estonia) |
1935: Bishop Ange-Auguste Faisandier, S.J., Bishop of Trichinopoly (India) |
1935: Bishop Charles Givelet, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) |
1935: Bishop Vicente Huarte San Martín (胡其昭), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Wuhu 蕪湖 (China) |
1934: Cardinal Franziskus Ehrle, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Cesareo in Palatio, Librarian of Vatican Apostolic Library and Archivist of Vatican Secret Archives |
1934: Bishop Jean-Marie Barthe, S.J., Bishop of Trichinopoly (India) |
1934: Bishop John Joseph Collins, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1933: Bishop Ludovico van Hoeck, S.J., Bishop of Ranchi (India) |
1933: Bishop Luis Benitez y Cabañas, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Tulancingo (Mexico) |
1932: Bishop Paolo Charles Perini, S.J., Bishop of Calicut (India) |
1931: Cardinal Louis Billot, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata |
1931: Bishop Próspero París (姚宗李), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Nanjing 南京 (China) |
1931: Bishop Compton Theodore Galton, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Guiana (Guyana) |
1931: Bishop José Clos y Pagés, S.J., Bishop of Zamboanga (Philippines) |
1929: Bishop Henri de Lespinasse de Saune, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Tananarive (Madagascar) |
1927: Archbishop Luis Javier Muñoz y Capurón, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Guatemala (Guatemala) |
1926: Bishop Andrea Machado, S.J., Bishop of Guayaquil (Ecuador) |
1926: Bishop William Francis O’Hare, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1924: Archbishop Brice Meuleman, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Calcutta (India) |
1923: Bishop Joseph van Reeth, S.J., Bishop of Galle (Sri Lanka) |
1923: Bishop Edmondo Luypen, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Batavia (Indonesia) |
1923: Bishop Frederick Charles Hopkins, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Honduras (Belize) |
1920: Bishop Laureano Vérez de Acevedo, S.J., Titular Bishop of Nyssa |
1919: Bishop Henri Maquet (馬澤軒), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Southeastern Chi-Li 直隸東南 (China) |
1916: Archbishop Ermanno Jürgens, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1913: Bishop Charles Lavigne, S.J., Bishop of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) |
1912: Bishop Roberto Maria Pozo y Martin, S.J., Bishop of Guayaquil (Ecuador) |
1911: Bishop Charles Menzies Gordon, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1911: Bishop Francisco Javier Junguito, S.J., Bishop of Panamá (Panama) |
1910: Bishop Abbondio Cavadini, S.J., Bishop of Mangalore (India) |
1907: Cardinal Andreas Steinhuber, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Agata alla Suburra and Prefect of Sacred Congregation of the Index |
1907: Bishop Bernhard Beiderlinden, S.J., Bishop of Poona (India) |
1906: Archbishop Theodore Dalhoff, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1901: Archbishop Paul-François-Marie Goethals, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Calcutta (India) |
1901: Bishop Anthony Butler, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Guiana (Guyana) |
1900: Cardinal Camillo Mazzella, S.J., Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina and Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Studies |
1899: Bishop Jean-Baptiste Simon (蘇建章), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jiangnan 江南 (China) |
1898: Bishop Valentin Garnier (倪懷綸), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jiangnan 江南 (China) |
1898: Bishop Salvatore di Pietro, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Honduras (Belize) |
1898: Bishop Joseph Sidney Woollett, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1897: Bishop Walterus Staal, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Batavia (Indonesia) |
1895: Cardinal Paul Melchers, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, Metropolitan Archbishop of Köln (Germany) and Camerlengo of Sacred College of Cardinals |
1895: Archbishop Johann Gabriel Léon Louis Meurin, S.J., Archbishop-Bishop of Port-Louis (Mauritius) |
1895: Bishop Nicolaus Maria Pagani, S.J., Bishop of Mangalore (India) |
1891: Archbishop Ignacio León Velasco, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada (Colombia) |
1890: Cardinal Giuseppe Pecci, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Agata alla Suburra and Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Studies |
1889: Archbishop José Telésphor Paúl Vargas, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada (Colombia) |
1889: Archbishop George Porter, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay (India) |
1888: Bishop Alexis Canoz, S.J., Bishop of Trichinopoly (India) |
1888: Bishop Thomas Porter, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1886: Cardinal Johannes Baptiste Franzelin, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio and Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Indulgences and Sacred Relics |
1884: Bishop John Baptiste Miège, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Kansas |
1881: Archbishop Waltar Steins Bisschop, S.J., Archbishop-Bishop of Auckland (New Zealand) |
1878: Bishop Adrien-Hyppolyte Languillat (郎懷仁), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jiangnan 江南 (China) |
1878: Bishop Edouard-Auguste Dubar (杜巴爾), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Southeastern Chi-Li 直隸東南 (China) |
1877: Bishop James Etheridge, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of British Guiana (Guyana) |
1877: Bishop José María Lizarzabaru, S.J., Bishop of Guayaquil (Ecuador) |
1874: Cardinal Camillo Tarquini, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere |
1872: Bishop Michael O’Connor, S.J., Bishop of Pittsburgh (USA) |
1872: Bishop James Eustace Dupeyron, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica (Jamaica) |
1868: Bishop George Aloysius Carrell, S.J., Bishop of Covington (USA) |
1865: Archbishop Augustus van Heule, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Western Bengal (India) |
1862: Bishop André-Pierre Borgniet (年文思), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Jiangnan 江南 (China) |
1859: Archbishop Benedict Planchet, S.J., Titular Archbishop of Traianopolis |
1855: Bishop James Oliver Van de Velde, S.J., Bishop of Natchez |
1846: Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick, S.J., Bishop of Boston (USA) |
1843: Archbishop Peter Klobusiczky, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Kalocsa (Hungary) |
1829: Bishop Jakub Ignacy Dederko, S.J., Bishop of Minsk (Belarus) |
1829: Bishop Tadeusz Kundzicz, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) |
1828: Bishop Adam Korwin Kossakowski, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) |
1828: Bishop László Koszeghy von Romete, S.J., Bishop of Csanád (Hungary) |
1823: Bishop Ignacy Stanisław Czyżewski, S.J., Bishop of Augustów |
1821: Bishop Józef Gabriel Gembart, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Gniezno (Poland) |
1820: Archbishop Sigismund Anton Graf von Hohenwart, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Wien (Austria) |
1819: Bishop Giulio Cesare Pallavicini, S.J., Bishop of Luni–Sarzana |
1818: Bishop Martin Takáts, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Kalocsa (Hungary) |
1817: Archbishop Leonard Neale, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Baltimore (USA) |
1817: Bishop Tomasz Ostaszewski, S.J., Bishop of Płock (Poland) |
1815: Bishop József Martonffi, S.J., Bishop of Transilvania (Romania) |
1814: Bishop Anton Kavčič, S.J., Bishop of Ljubljana (Slovenia) |
1814: Bishop Grzegorz Zachariasiewicz, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Gniezno (Poland) |
1812: Bishop Jan Benisławski, S.J., Coadjutor Bishop of Mohilev (Belarus) |
1811: Bishop Cyprian Odyniec, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Mohilev (Belarus) |
1805: Bishop Domenico Mancinforte, S.J., Bishop of Faenza (Italy) |
1803: Bishop Dawid Zygmunt Pilchowski, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) |
1800: Bishop Franz von Raigesfeld, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Ljubljana (Slovenia) |
1796: Bishop Adam Stanisław Naruszewicz, S.J., Bishop of Luck (Ukraine) |
1793: Bishop Francesco Benincasa, S.J., Bishop of Carpi (Italy) |
1792: Bishop Johann Heinrich von Kerens, S.J., Bishop of Sankt Pölten (Austria) and Military Vicar of Austria (Austria) |
1790: Bishop Josef Winterl, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Győr (Hungary) |
1789: Bishop Franciscus Potkanski, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków (Poland) |
1787: Bishop Gottfried Xaver von Laimbeckhoven (南懷仁), S.J., Bishop of Nanjing 南京 (China) |
1777: Archbishop Salvator dos Reis, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1771: Bishop Clemente José Colocao Leita, S.J., Bishop of Cochin (India) |
1767: Cardinal Niccolò Oddi, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Ara Coeli and Metropolitan Archbishop of Ravenna (Italy) |
1757: Bishop Polycarpo de Sousa (索智能), S.J., Bishop of Beijing 北京 (China) |
1754: Archbishop João Luis Vasconcellos, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1752: Bishop António Paes Godinho, S.J., Bishop of Nanjing 南京 (China) |
1751: Archbishop Antonius Pimentel, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1744: Bishop José Pinheiro, S.J., Bishop of São Tomé de Meliapor (India) |
1743: Bishop Francisco de Vasconsellos, S.J., Bishop of Cochin (India) |
1741: Bishop Jean François Fouquet, S.J., Titular Bishop of Eleutheropolis |
1739: Cardinal Juan Álvaro Cienfuegos Villazón, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Bartolomeo all’Isola and Metropolitan Archbishop of Monreale (Italy) |
1737: Bishop Claude Visdelou (劉聲聞), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Guizhou 貴州 (China) |
1732: Bishop Jan Joachim Tarło, S.J., Bishop of Poznań (Poland) |
1729: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Salerni, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio |
1729: Bishop Jan Franciszek Kurdwanowski, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of Warmia (Poland) |
1726: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Tolomei, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio and Camerlengo of Sacred College of Cardinals |
1726: Bishop Antonio de Silva (林安廉), S.J., Bishop of Nanjing 南京 (China) |
1722: Archbishop Sebastião Monteiro da Vida, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia (Brazil) |
1716: Archbishop Joannes Ribeiro, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1715: Bishop Francisco Laynes, S.J., Bishop of São Tomé de Meliapor (India) |
1713: Bishop Otto Wilhelm Reichsgraf von Bronckhorst zu Gronsfeld, S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Nordic Missions (Germany) and Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück (Germany) |
1712: Bishop Teodor Wolff von Ludinghausen (Theodor Wolff von Lüdinghausen), S.J., Bishop of Chełm |
1708: Bishop Gaspar Afonso Alvares, S.J., Bishop of São Tomé de Meliapor (India) |
1705: Bishop Antonio (張安當), S.J., Vicar Apostolic of Shanxi 山西 (China) |
1703: Bishop Alessandro Ciceri (羅歷山), S.J., Bishop of Nanjing 南京 (China) |
1689: Bishop Tomasz Ujejski, S.J., Bishop of Kyiv–Černihiv (Ukraine) and Auxiliary Bishop of Warmia (Poland) |
1681: Cardinal Johann Eberhard Nidhard, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme and Bishop of Agrigento (Italy) |
1672: Cardinal Jan Kazimierz Wazy, S.J. |
1667: Cardinal Francesco Maria Sforza Pallavicino, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Salvatore in Lauro |
1663: Bishop Francesco Baretto, S.J., Bishop of Cochin (India) |
1660: Cardinal Juan de Lugo y de Quiroga, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Balbina and Camerlengo of Sacred College of Cardinals |
1659: Patriarch Afonso Mendes, S.J., Patriarch of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1659: Archbishop Francisco Garcia Mendes, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1657: Bishop Hieronim Władysław Sanguszko, S.J., Bishop of Smoleńsk (Russia) |
1648: Archbishop Antonio Marullo, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Manfredonia (Italy) |
1645: Archbishop Pietro Antonio Spinelli, S.J., Archbishop of Rossano (Italy) |
1641: Archbishop Stephanus de Britto, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1638: Archbishop Apollinaris de Almeida, S.J., Coadjutor Archbishop of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1637: Cardinal Péter Pázmány, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Girolamo dei Croati and Metropolitan Archbishop of Esztergom (Hungary) |
1634: Cardinal Jan Albert Waza, S.J., Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro and Bishop of Kraków (Poland) |
1633: Bishop Diogo Correia Valente (ディオゴ・コレア・ヴァレンテ / 華倫他), S.J., Bishop of Funai 府内 (Japan) |
1627: Archbishop Giovanni de Rocha, S.J., Coadjutor Archbishop of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1624: Archbishop Francisco Rodríguez, S.J., Archbishop of Cranganor (India) |
1623: Archbishop Didacus Secco, S.J., Coadjutor Archbishop of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1621: Saint Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino (Robert Bellarmine), S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Prassede, Metropolitan Archbishop of Capua (Italy) and Prefect of Sacred Congregation of the Index |
1618: Bishop Fernando de Mendoza González, S.J., Bishop of Cusco (Peru) |
1614: Bishop Luis Cerqueira (ルイス・デ・セルケイラ), S.J., Bishop of Funai 府内 (Japan) |
1604: Bishop Johann Georg von Hallwyl, S.J., Bishop of Konstanz (Germany) |
1602: Archbishop Teotónio de Bragança, S.J., Metropolitan Archbishop of Évora (Portugal) |
1598: Bishop Pedro Martins (ペドロ・マルティンス), S.J., Bishop of Funai 府内 (Japan) |
1596: Cardinal Francisco de Toledo Herrara, S.J., Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Traspontina and Preacher of Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces |
1594: Bishop Pedro Duque de Rivera, S.J., Bishop of Panamá (Panama) |
1588: Bishop Sebastião de Morais (セバスティアン・デ・モライス), S.J., Bishop of Funai 府内 (Japan) |
1583: Patriarch Melchior Miguel Carneiro Leitão (賈耐勞), S.J., Patriarch of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1582: Bishop Martino de Martinis, S.J., Bishop of San Severo (Italy) |
1579: Bishop Edmund Tanner, S.J., Bishop of Cork and Cloyne (Ireland) |
1577: Patriarch Andrés de Oviedo, S.J., Patriarch of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1570: Patriarch João Bermudes, S.J., Patriarch of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |
1562: Patriarch João Nunes Barreto, S.J., Patriarch of Ethiopia (Ethiopia) |