| Date | Country | Change |
| 1878 | Provostry nullius of Atina was restored (from Territorial Abbacy of Montecassino) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Apostolic Vicariate of Northern District of Scotland was promoted as Diocese of Aberdeen (lost territory to establish Diocese of Argyll and The Isles and became suffragan of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Diocese of Argyll and The Isles was restored (from Apostolic Vicariate of Northern District of Scotland and became suffragan of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Diocese of Dunkeld was restored (became suffragan of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Diocese of Galloway was restored (from Apostolic Vicariate of Western District of Scotland and became suffragan of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Apostolic Vicariate of Western District of Scotland was promoted as Archdiocese of Glasgow (lost territory to establish Diocese of Galloway) | |
| 1878.03.04 | Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern District of Scotland was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (with suffragan sees Aberdeen, Argyll and The Isles, Dunkeld and Galloway) | |
| 1878.05.28 | Diocese of Chicoutimi was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Québec and became suffragan of Québec) | |
| 1878.06.21 | Apostolic Vicariate of Gansu 甘肅 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Shaanxi 陝西) | |
| 1878.07.13 | Apostolic Vicariate of Montevideo was promoted as Diocese of Montevideo (became suffragan of Buenos Aires) | |
| 1878.12.20 | Diocese of Beverley was suppressed (to establish Diocese of Leeds and Diocese of Middlesbrough) | |
| 1878.12.20 | Diocese of Leeds was established (from the suppressed Diocese of Beverley and became suffragan of Westminster) | |
| 1878.12.20 | Diocese of Middlesbrough was established (from the suppressed Diocese of Beverley and became suffragan of Westminster) |
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