| Date | Country | Change |
| 1837.01.10 | Apostolic Vicariate of Jamaica was restored (from Apostolic Vicariate of Trinidad) | |
| 1837.04.12 | Apostolic Vicariate of British Guiana was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Trinidad) | |
| 1837.06.06 | Apostolic Vicariate of Cape of Good Hope and adjacent territories was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Mauritius (lost territory to establish Apostolic Vicariate of Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena Island) | |
| 1837.06.06 | Apostolic Vicariate of Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena Island was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Cape of Good Hope and adjacent territories) | |
| 1837.07.28 | Diocese of Dubuque was established (from Diocese of Saint Louis and became suffragan of Baltimore) | |
| 1837.07.28 | Diocese of Nashville was established (from Diocese of Bardstown and became suffragan of Baltimore) | |
| 1837.07.28 | Diocese of Natchez was restored (without ecclesiastical province) |
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